See full size image. Mark the nut at the 6 o’clock position. The K-factor in sheet metal bending represents the ratio between the thickness of the metal and an invisible line called the “neutral axis. The bend test is obtained around a diameter of the bend factor multiplied by the steel thickness. 33 K factor 0. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple scenario. 88 x Fn for music wire. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. K – constant. 15. A spring bacK-Factor of Ks=1 means there is. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor 2. Mater. It appears that stainless steel bolts can be applied in aluminium slip resistant connections, but a larger partial safety factor than standards currently prescribe is required for the slip. A component's thickness affects the constraint conditions at the tip of a crack with thin components having plane stress conditions and thick components having. In this instance 304L is recommended due to its resistance to carbide precipitation. 678 W/m 2 K = 4. 11 to 0. Figure 2: Diagram depicting the location of steel in an airplane. For a PVC pipe with absolute roughness k = 0. 3 depending on the raw material. 01 m) = 0. 1 mm) and 24 mass% Cr-content stainless steel (24CrSS, t = 0. M Faires). Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. 33: K factor:. Prefix- (S)Steel - (CLS)Stainless Steel. The thermal conductivity coefficient k is a material parameter depending on temperature, physical properties of the material, water content, and the pressure on the material [3]. 2. Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are. Nature of the grain boundary and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) The grain boundary energy in type 304 stainless steel is known ( Murr 1975) to vary from 20 to 835 mJ/m 2. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . 6% max), chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, etc. 2 show that Victaulic Vic-Press for Schedule 10S stainless steel fittings and Schedule 10 stainless steel pipe compliant with ASTM A-312 may be used on ASME B31. Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. F1 and F1FR Series Conventional Sprinklers. 0. Hazen-Williams Coefficient. 8 Steel BZP 0. 1 ftH2O/100 ft = 0. K Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. Stainless steel (SS), nickel foil (Ni), titanium foil (Ti) and graphite plate (GP). The specific heat is the amount of heat energy per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. Other applications include fasteners and screens for the mining industry. h l = Head Loss (m/100 m). 33: K factor:. It also has variants with low carbon and high nitrogen. This article summarizes the thermal conductivity of stainless steel 304 and 316 at various temperatures in annealed condition, also other stainless steel grades. Mechanical Engineer. Material. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. Pipe Material e (mm) e (ft) Glass, drawn brass, copper (new) 0. 24 r/d=0. 1 in (inch) = 25. The baseline material factor (1. The most common grade of austenitic stainless steel is 304 (1. 17. The Y-Factor is used, as far as I know, solely by PTC’s Pro-Engineer, now known as Creo Elements/Pro. Relative roughness can be expressed as. 820 × 3. Italian / italiano. 33: K factor:. e. I have tried it today and it doesn't seem to give exactly the result I was expecting. 64-Rubber (60 A Belt). Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. (matched to stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum), alloy materials, and solder configurations. Linear thermal expansion for some common metals: Metals - Temperature Expansion Coefficients. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. 6. Approvals. 04 0. 003 - 0. 20% for various metals, is popular among engineers. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. Mathematically bend allowance during Sheet metal bending can be calculated as per the following formula. This formula considers the diverse geometries and properties of the parts to be formed. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. Next we use the pull-down menu to select the appropriate table. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. Below 10. To specify a stainless steel enclosure for an aluminum-wound transformer, substitute the letter “S” in the fifth character of the GE product number. Temperaturepressure regulators—k series 1 pipe, weld, vcr, vco fittings standard tubing modular systemd hose / flexible tubing bellows, diaphragm valves ball plug valves check relief valves needle metering valves k sries rgulars instrument systems manifold measurement devices references medium- high- pressure tube fittings pressure regulators k seriesThis will have an effective length factor K associated. Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. Loctite 242 is a lubricant. From and is defaulted at . Piping Material. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. 5°. Very often what people use is some general data that may or may not be close enough. Step-3: Value of Bend Deduction and Flat pattern are shown in Result Section. Note 1: The bend radius you select may not be available if the geometry of the part will not allow us to bend with the specific tooling required to achieve that radius. 5 to 16. The below Microsoft Excel chart is for even numbered gauges 8 through 24 and has a default K-Factor of . The K-factor can also be used to calculate bending allowance and bending deduction. /°F or mm/mm/°C. Hazen-Williams Friction Factor (C) Pipe Material Values for C Range High/Low Average Value Typical Design Value Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene pipe or tubing 160/150 150-155 150 Cement or mastic lined iron or steel pipe 160/130 148 140 Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe or tubing 150/120 140 130 Wood Stave 145/110 120 110Use of alloy 2507 super duplex stainless steel at temperatures above 482°F (250°C) causes microstructural changes that lead to embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. e. 16. 84. Specifically, the k-factor value is the neutral axis’ new position after bending, marked “t” in Figure 1, divided by the material thickness (k-factor = t/Mt). A typical value of the K factor varies between . In 2001, Rasmussen et al. We want to know the final length of the detail. A slenderness ratio greater than. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. The following table shows JIS SS400 material properties, including density and specific gravity, melting point, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, magnetic permeability, etc. The. Editor: J. The inside radii are based off of a standard Air Bend Force Chart. /25 mm Safe practices and proper installation are imperative to the performance of the Swagelok tube fitting, especially in critical applications. Finding stainless steel materials in the Total Materia database. 1994, ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. 5 just mentioned. 4301). g. General Properties. For 18- and 20-ga. 16 for "lubricated" conditions K = 0. The friction coefficient value changes not only with material but also with the position and. Insert the convective heat transfer coefficient for inner surface, h i = 10 W/m 2 ⋅ K. Bend Allowance (BA) =. 15 K = 0. n. 0 (11. Enter the area of contact, A = 1. itic stainless steel that is molybdenum alloyed for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environments. 7 Expanded size of flattened steel plate: L = A + B – 0. This has been attributed to the nature of the grain boundary or the misorientation angle (proximity to low coincident site lattice – CSL). For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. 2, θ / σ 0. Select an item in Type to set the bend allowance, bend deduction, or k-factor. k = 0. . The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. 5% and allowable stress 16000 psi - can with quality factor E for steel 0. K)/W] in SI units or [ (ft 2 ·°F·hr)/Btu] in imperial units. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. 15. K-Factors for Aluminum, Cold Rolled Steel and Stainless ALUMINUM Thickness Radius 0. Lodgement Spring: Stainless Steel Pin: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel Cover Plate: Steel Installation Wrench: Ductile Iron Cover Plate Finishes: • Chrome plated • White painted •. K-Factor. 0 K-factor. The material thickness (T), bending angle (A), inner bending radius (R), and K-factor of the. For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. Pendent, Recessed Pendent, Upright. 5 mm measured from the inside bend. stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. This specification covers chromium, chromium-nickel, and chromium-manganese-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for basic. Gauge table/bend table combination. The K-factor is the ratio between the the neutral axis to the thickness of the material. 67 @ 200ºF. ) Tightening Torque min max min max min max min maxThe K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. 998. MRR = . Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (Excel) BEND DEDUCTION; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. have also a data sheet from amada and the bend allowance is the same for each one , so that proves these figures correct. , the temperature difference, ΔT): h = q / (Ts - K) where: q: amount of heat required (Heat Flux), W/m2 i. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout Europe, for the informatio n of the user: • Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with EN 10088-1:2005 • Mechanical properties are in accordanc e with EN 10088-2:2005, except for heThe thickness of sheet metal is also an important factor, and it can range from extremely thin to several centimeters. Bend Allowance (BA) = (Π/180) × ( R + K×T) × A. K = K-Factor, which is t / T. 8 kg. For example, 9T10A1004 changes to 9T10S1004. Compression Screw: Stainless Steel UNS-S31603 Trigger and Support: Stainless Steel UNS-S31600 Fusible Element Assembly: Beryllium Nickel, coated with black acrylic. Generally, linear thermal expansion is most applicable to solids. 33 K factor 0. An analysis of harmonic loads and a calculation of the K Factor. Thermal Conductivity - Online Converter Convert between thermal conductivity units. Insert the inner radius, R i = 1 mm R_i =1 ext{ mm} R i = 1 mm. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us, there’s one important thing that you should know: Don’t worry about it. 5 – 0. K = 0. 00 Energy Electricity Country Canada kWh 10%0. However, studies have found that wear coefficient is more suitable. For plate under 2mm, K-factor is 0. Relative roughness - the ratio between absolute roughness an pipe or duct diameter - is important when calculating pressure loss in ducts or pipes with the Colebrook Equation . It is difficult to perform cold working in grade 330 stainless steel as the steel has high strength and work hardening rate. These are 304 SS material. As a general rule of thumb, one can associate the following k-factors with the following: k-factor of 7: Aluminum; k-factor of 5: Steel; k-factor of 3: Welds; SN-Curve adjustments due to Mean Stress. 50 in practical use. Defining the Neutral Axis To understand the k-factor,. I. 115 0. K factor is the ratio between the distance between the inside radius of the bend and the neutral axis to the sheet thickness. Use K-Factor Calculator to calculate k factor values. 20-0. Thermal insulance has the units [ (m 2 . 0. Connection Type. 5% chromium, the oxide film is of insufficient durability. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. 1'' In addition to the standard AISIThe spring constant of each short wire is larger by a factor of 10. Thermal conductivity coefficients for insulation materials, aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel, gases and more. ComponentDefinition kFac = oCompDef. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. 2 or later Related Application Notes: For a complete list, click here. In this. The. 33 K factor 0. Greater resistance to the elements than 304 stainless. 79. 11 to 0. When using SN-Curves, there can be extenuating circumstances where the SN-Curve must be adjusted to reflect certain situations. 0 6. 75. 5 throughout the article, so lets focus on entering the other two values correctly. It resists galling and corrosion and reduces wear in heavy pressure applications. h fThermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more. The table at. Choose Meter Type EX810/EX820 EX110 EX150 EX210 EX250 IP810/IP820 IP110 IP210 IP150 IP250 TX810/TX820 TX110 TX210 TX150 TX250. 83 @ 1000ºF. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. 20 4 0. Monel alloy 400 has a specific gravity of 8. e. Bending Allowance = A*π/180* (R+K*T) BA – Bend Allowance. 0. When pressure is measured in kPa, divide the metric K-factor shown by 10. The bend test is obtained around a diameter of the bend factor multiplied by the steel thickness. 33: 0. Now to use this table for a sheet metal part, all you need to do is to right-click on Sheet-Metal feature in the design tree and edit the feature. Stainless Alloy 17-7PH: 11. 75 *10-6/K 17. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. 2 in. Take. Is it used in a variety of industries due to its combination of strength and corrosion resistance versus cost. Finally, use the formula for thermal expansion:. 01. AISI 316L stainless steel is a modified ultra-low carbon Cr-Ni-Mo series austenitic stainless steel based on AISI 316. The effective length (K) factor of a member in compression is dependent on the support conditions at each end. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. Created a custom iProperty and push the k-factor from the current sheet-metal style through to it. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. K-factor= [Multiplier × (Inside Radius/Material Thickness)] + Minimum K-factor. MC values range between 0. 25, it means that the neutral layer is located at 25% of the thickness of the part sheet metal material. Useful Tables 1033 Table A–16 Approximate Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for Bending of a Round Bar or Tube with a Transverse Round Hole Source: R. May be mildly magnetic. To determine allowable working pressure at elevated temperatures, multiply allowable working pressures from Tables 2 throughBend Allowance Chart K factor 0. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. Compared to the k-factor (for the neutral axis shift), the K-factor is a breeze to calculate. Pipe Entrance Inward Projecting 0. Bulletin 182. 1 bar (30 psi) minimum OPERATING 4. BD = (2 x OSSB) – BA. R. At exactly the same torque level of 24 foot pounds, variations between 4500 pounds and 6700 pounds are experienced. They consist about 4-30% of chromium. r. French / français. copper 0. 4301/1. Tables for pipe roughness and kinematic viscosity are also included. Swagelok Tube Fittings Up to 1 in . MIL-PRF-907F; Service. C (68. 301 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be supplied in various hardness and strengths. 90. View Specs. 7 333 8 in-lbs 10 in-lbs 858 18 in-lbs 20 in-lbs 27 in-lbs 1228 25 in-lbs 29 in-lbs 39 in-lbs 1436 29 in-lbs 34 in-lbs 45 in-lbs 5 0. The K-factor is calculated based on value ranges and is used to determine the following: Tube bending feasibility (whether it is in fact possible to bend a round,. 03 : Corrugated metal : 45 : 0. 22Our market analysis draws on our multi-commodity capabilities across nickel, ferroalloys and steel to provide an in-depth examination of stainless steel flat products globally. Keep in mind that there will be a reduction rating when sensing stainless steel. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. 5 Orientation PENDENT PENDENT. To calculate K-factor: Enter the material thickness, T = 1 mm. It has units of m 2 /s. AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most commonly used material in stainless steels, and is usually purchased in an annealed or cold worked state. Step 1a: Choose Installation Type. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. 2 bar (60 psi) maximum PRESSURE END CONNECTION 1/2" BSPT (1/2” NPT Optional) K-FACTOR K-42 Standard (K-2. 10-12 Three-Phase DOE 2016 Efficiency, Copper. 09 r/d<0. material and thickness. ASM Specialty Handbook - Stainless Steel - J. Stainless Steel 316 . The Total Materia database contains many thousands of stainless steel materials across a large range of countries and standards. BA = Pi (R+K*T)A/180 (8) Therefore, the value of K will always be between 0 and 1. Stainless steel 1kg = 6. Steel: 90: 110 – Galvanized iron: 120: 120: Polyethylene: 140: 140: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 150: 150: Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) 150: 150:Sheet Metal Gauge Chart. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. 02 0. Where. T1 in T2 out ∆1 T1 out T2 in ∆2 Higher Θ Temperature. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. 17 . 33 K factor 0. Choose Installation Type. Zinc Plated Steel. In construction, the R-value is the measurement of a material's capacity to resist heat flow from one side to the other. where: BA = bend allowance. PRELIMINARY Document Number: 002-19207 Rev. 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. Grade 317 stainless steel is a modified version of 316 stainless steel. K-Factor transformers are designed not to eliminate harmonics, but to withstand their negative effects. The value of μ s is generally higher than the value of μ k for a given combination of materials. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . 81 m/s 2: Calculation. 0015 10 -3 m) / (0. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. f = Friction Factor. 17 K = 0. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. 6 k-factor 1/2 inch npt sprinklers figure 2 poly-stainless series ty-frb quick response upright (ty3131) and pendent (ty3231) 5. It offers good corrosion protection, under high loads, over a wide temperature range. I read on some site that the range is between 0. 33 to . K1 proximity sensors provide consistent sensing ranges for many metal target materials — and good value when evaluating cost versus sensing distance. 8 and wall thickness coefficient 0. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. K-Factor Three-Phase DOE 2016 Efficiency, Aluminum. Specifying a Gasket Size for the Flange System 94 2. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. A common name for 304 stainless is 18/8. You’ve found the k-factor. To better understand the main contributing factor to the mechanical anisotropy of AM stainless steel 316L, bulk specimens were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Part Number: 13500. static, impending slip. 8 mm bend radius has a springback of 0. The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. 5% Ni, and also known as 18-8 stainless steel. HD MV Nozzle is UL Listed, FM Approved, and also carries Lloyds Type Approval. ACTIVE FILTERS: Clear filters VicFlex™ Style AB6 Assembly – Cold Storage K 5. We deduce then the friction factor, the Chézy coefficient and the mean flow velocity (Chézy equation). The following datasheet gives more details about grade 317 stainless steel. The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. SS 304 is non-magnetic under annealing conditions, but after cold working (such as stamping, stretching, bending, rolling), part of the. 69) in which yi and xi stand for the mole fractions of component i. Metal. We have already agreed that the K-Factor will be constant at 0. 33At room temperature, Grade 316 stainless steel also exhibits the following set of properties: Density 99 g/cm 3. The thermal conductivity of the stainless steel is 19 W/(m K) and the thermal conductivity of the insulation board is 0. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. K = nut factor. The properties of 304 stainless steel including chemical properties, physical characteristics, thermal properties and mechanical properties, etc. AISI 304 and 316 are the most common grades in this series. The Y-factor is set at 0. Most of our threaded connections use thread inserts of some kind, mostly helicoil, or PEM. upright (ty3151) and pendent (ty3251) 5. •G is the geometry factor •qis the thermal conductivity integral. 0 K-factor Stain - less Steel Pendent Sprinkler cannot be installed in a recess pendent arrangement. 4401, DIN 1. Flexible Rubber Tubing - Smooth. R-value (thermal insulance factor) is a measure of thermal resistance. factor in service. Completely rough: u*ε/ν > 70. For instance if you have a material with an R-value of 12 attached to. 5 just mentioned. SI unit: W/m·K or W/m·°C; Imperial unit: Btu/ft·h·°F; Thermal Conductivity of Stainless Steel. Various K Factors: Typical Steel Bolt: 0. The capacity factor is determined through experience and for each application it is influenced by the type and style of mist eliminator, the relative geometry of mist eliminator to vapor flow, as well as process considerations such as operating pressure, fluid viscosities and liquid surface tension. The tool can be used for any flow type. 5) K 11. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. A – bend angle in deg. 1 mm). DIN 6912-8. After bending the sheet, insert the inner radius, and. Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. C. 10/19 schedule 40 steel pipes. This factor determines which of two high-temperature strength properties should be given priority; creep or creep-rupture (sometimes called stress-. During sheet metal part bending, the inside bending surface is compressed, whereas the outer surface is stretched. 001 ft. Davis. The coefficient of static friction for steel is around 0. Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Gauge Table. g = Acceleration due to gravity (value of g is 9. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. Company USA: (937) 778-8947 • Canada: (905) 457-6223 • International: (937) 615-3598 12 90 Friction Loss For Water At 60° F Per 100 Feet Of Pipe New Schedule 40 Steel Pipe - The friction values are from the Hydraulic Institute Pipe Friction Manual. 6mm (24- gauge), weighing about 136 tonnes. 316 Stainless Steel Offers excellent corrosion resistance, even more than 18-8 stainless steel. NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque ofThe “K” factor variation ranging from 0. 93 g/cm3 (0. For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. Riveted steel (new) 0. . 7K-Factor. Bulletin 065. These market insights include five-year forecasts of production, consumption, and prices. The elongation is smaller by a factor of 10. Type 302 stainless steel is basically a higher carbon version of type 304, a variant of 18-8 stainless steel. Bumax 88 Stainless Steel 316L stainless steel with a high molybdenum content offering corrosion resistance similar to 316 stainless steel. 6 times the aluminum plate. 8 times the steel plate thickness and 1. Sustainable building with Stainless steel - The David L. psi (MPa)psi(MPa) % 65,000 448 125,000 862 50 200 Brinell SANDMEYER STEEL COMPANY ONE SANDMEYER LANE • PHILADELPHIA, PA 19116-3598Most values for temperature 25 oC (77 oF). Completely rough: u*ε/ν > 70. Available in 5. 0 : 0.